Tuesday, October 4, 2011

Seven Indicators of World Happiness

Seven Indicators of World Happiness

Ibn Abbas ra. is one of the companions of the Prophet SAW is very painstaking in maintaining and serving the Prophet Muhammad, which he had specifically prayed for the Prophet Muhammad, other than that at the age of 9 years Ibn Abbas had memorized the Quran and has been the imam at the mosque. One day he was asked by Tabi (the generation after the death of the Prophet Muhammad) about what is meant by happiness of the world. Ibn Abbas replied there are 7 (seven) world of happiness indicators, namely:

First, Qalbun syakirun or heart that is always grateful.

Having a soul means always gratefully accept what is (qona'ah), so there is no excessive ambition, no stress, it is delicious to the soul that is always grateful. A clever grateful extremely intelligent to understand the attributes of God Almighty, so that whatever God gives his gift and even enchanted with God's decision.
When you're trouble then he immediately recalled the words of the Prophet Muhammad:
"If we're hard to consider a person who is more difficult than we". When you're given the ease, he is grateful to reproduce deeds, then Allah will test it with greater ease. If she remains "stubbornly" to continue to be grateful that God will test it again with even greater ease.
So blessed are those who are good thanks!

Second. Al azwaju shalihah, namely a pious spouse.

A pious spouse will create an atmosphere of home and family too pious. In the Hereafter a husband (as the family priest) will be held accountable in getting his wife and son to kesholehan. Be happy being a wife if you have a pious husband, who certainly will work hard to bring his wife and child into a pious Muslim. Similarly, a wife who is pious, will have the patience and sincerity in serving her husband's remarkable, though how bad her husband's behavior. So blessed to be a husband who has a wife who is pious.


Third, al auladun abrar, ie pious child.

When the Prophet Muhammad again Tawaf. Prophet Muhammad met a young child who shoulder abrasions. After finishing Tawaf Prophet asked the young man: "Why is your shoulder?" Answered the young man: "O Messenger of Allah, I am from Yemen, I have a mother who had udzur. I really love him and I never let go of him. I let my mother only when relieving yourself, when praying, or when it breaks, other than that I always carry him the rest ". Then the young man asked: "O Messenger of Allah, if I was included into the people who are already devoted to the parents?"
The Prophet SAW said, hugging the young man and said: "It is God's blessing to you, you sons of pious, filial piety, but please know my son, love your parents will not be shortchanged by you". From these hadiths that we get a picture of our worship charity was not enough to repay the love and kindness of our parents, but at least we can start by becoming a pious child, where children are pious prayer to God granted his parents are guaranteed. Blessed are you when you have a pious child.

Fourth, albiatu sholihah, ie an environment conducive to our faith.

What is meant by a conducive environment is, we should recognize anyone but to make it as our close friend, should be the people who have added value to our faith. In a hadith, the Prophet encourages us to always hang out with people who are pious. Pious people who will always take the good and reminds us when we do wrong.
Pious people are the ones who are happy because it favors the Islamic faith and the blessings which always radiates the light of his face. Insha Allah it will come shining light those who are nearby.
Blessed are those who are always surrounded by people who are pious.

Fifth, al malul halal, or lawful property.

Paradigm in Islam is not the abundance of possessions but halal. This does not mean that Islam did not tell his people to get rich.
In narrated by Imam Muslim in the chapter sadaqoh, the Prophet Muhammad had met a friend who prays raised his hand. "You pray is good," said the Prophet, "But unfortunately the food, beverages and clothing and unlawful residence acquired, how the prayer is granted". Blessed be the property of halal because God granted her prayer is very easy. Lawful property also will keep Satan from his heart, the more his heart is clean, pure and strong, so give peace in his life. So blessed are those who always carefully keeping their property halal.

Sixth, Tafakuh fi deen, or passion to understand the religion.

Understand the spirit of religion embodied in the spirit of understanding the religious sciences of Islam. The more he learns, the more he is stimulated to learn more knowledge about the nature of God and His creation.
God promises blessings for His people who seek knowledge, the more he learns the more love he told his religion, the higher the love of Allah and his apostle. Love is what will give light to his heart.
Understand the spirit of religion will be to "live" her heart, the liver is "live" is the heart that is always filled with light and delicious favors the Islamic faith. So blessed are those who fully understand the science of the spirit of Islam.

Seventh, the age of baroqah.

Baroqah age that means that the older the age the more pious, that every second is filled with acts of worship. A person who fills his life for the happiness of the world alone, then the old days will be filled with lots of nostalgia (daydream) about his youth, he also tends to be disappointed with ketuaannya (post-power syndrome). Besides, his mind focused on how to enjoy the rest of his life, then she began to busy dreaming of the pleasures of the world that he has not had time to feel, her disappointed if he was not able to enjoy the pleasures of diangankannya. Meanwhile, people who fill its age with a lot of preparing for the Hereafter (through acts of worship) then the older the more she longed to meet her Creator. Old days are filled with making out with the Merciful. There is no fear of leaving this world, even he is hopeful to soon feel the natural beauty of the next life as God promised. This is the spirit of "live" people who baroqah age, so blessed are those whose age baroqah.

Thus the messages from Ibn Abbas ra. 7 world of happiness indicators.
How can our God gave to the seven indicators of happiness that world? In addition to our efforts to improve yourself, then ask Allah SWT to as often and as khusyu 'broom may read the prayer `universe', the prayer most often read by the Prophet Muhammad. Where the first line of the prayer "Rabbanaa aatina hasanaw fid dun-ya" (which means "God grant me the happiness of the world"), has a meaning that we are asking God to the world's seven indicators of happiness mentioned Ibn Abbas, that is the heart that is always gratitude, a pious spouse, pious children, friends or a pious environment, the lawful property, the spirit to understand the teachings of religion, and age baroqah.

Although we admit it is difficult to get seventh is within our grasp, at least if we get some alone we should be grateful. As for the continuation of such prayers broom universe that is "wa fil aakhirati hasanaw" (which means "and also the happiness of the Hereafter"), to obtain it is by the grace of God. Happiness hereafter is not heaven but God's grace, mercy of God. Heaven is only a fraction of the grace of God, we go to heaven not because of our pious charity, but because of the grace of God.

Pious deeds we do throughout our lives (even though every day of fasting and prayer night) is not enough to get a ticket to heaven. Pious charity as perfect whatever we do all our lives are not comparable with the delights of heaven promised by God.
The Prophet SAW said, "Charity pious that you do not put you into heaven". Then the companions asked: "What about you, O Messenger of Allah?". Prophet replied: "I was too pious Charity is not enough". Then the companions asked again: "Then by what we get to heaven?". The Prophet replied again: "We can go to heaven only because of grace and goodness of God alone".

So our prayers, our fasting, our taqarub to God is actually not to heaven but to get the grace of God. With the grace of God that we get the heaven of Allah (God willing, Amiin).

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Indikator Kebahagiaan Dunia (مؤشرات السعادة العالمية)

7 مؤشرات السعادة العالمية

بن عباس را. ورأى أحد من أصحاب النبي ومضنية للغاية في الحفاظ على وخدمة النبي محمد ، الذي كان قد صلى خصيصا للنبي محمد ، وغيرها من تلك التي في سن 9 سنوات ابن عباس كان يحفظ القرآن وكان إماما في المسجد. يوم واحد سئل من قبل التابعي (الجيل بعد وفاة النبي محمد) حول ما هو المقصود من السعادة في العالم. أجاب بن عباس هناك 7 (سبعة) من المؤشرات العالم السعادة ، وهي :

7 Indikator Kebahagiaan Dunia

Ibnu Abbas ra. adalah salah seorang sahabat Nabi SAW yang sangat telaten dalam menjaga dan melayani Rasulullah SAW, dimana ia pernah secara khusus didoakan Rasulullah SAW, selain itu pada usia 9 tahun Ibnu Abbas telah hafal Al-Quran dan telah menjadi imam di mesjid. Suatu hari ia ditanya oleh para Tabi’in (generasi sesudah wafatnya Rasulullah SAW) mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan kebahagiaan dunia. Jawab Ibnu Abbas ada 7 (tujuh) indikator kebahagiaan dunia, yaitu :

Pertama, Qalbun syakirun atau hati yang selalu bersyukur.

Memiliki jiwa syukur berarti selalu menerima apa adanya (qona’ah), sehingga tidak ada ambisi yang berlebihan, tidak ada stress, inilah nikmat bagi hati yang selalu bersyukur. Seorang yang pandai bersyukur sangatlah cerdas memahami sifat-sifat Allah SWT, sehingga apapun yang diberikan Allah ia malah terpesona dengan pemberian dan keputusan Allah.
Bila sedang kesulitan maka ia segera ingat sabda Rasulullah SAW yaitu :
“Kalau kita sedang sulit perhatikanlah orang yang lebih sulit dari kita”. Bila sedang diberi kemudahan, ia bersyukur dengan memperbanyak amal ibadahnya, kemudian Allah pun akan mengujinya dengan kemudahan yang lebih besar lagi. Bila ia tetap “bandel” dengan terus bersyukur maka Allah akan mengujinya lagi dengan kemudahan yang lebih besar lagi.
Maka berbahagialah orang yang pandai bersyukur!

Kedua. Al azwaju shalihah, yaitu pasangan hidup yang sholeh.

Pasangan hidup yang sholeh akan menciptakan suasana rumah dan keluarga yang sholeh pula. Di akhirat kelak seorang suami (sebagai imam keluarga) akan diminta pertanggungjawaban dalam mengajak istri dan anaknya kepada kesholehan. Berbahagialah menjadi seorang istri bila memiliki suami yang sholeh, yang pasti akan bekerja keras untuk mengajak istri dan anaknya menjadi muslim yang sholeh. Demikian pula seorang istri yang sholeh, akan memiliki kesabaran dan keikhlasan yang luar biasa dalam melayani suaminya, walau seberapa buruknya kelakuan suaminya. Maka berbahagialah menjadi seorang suami yang memiliki seorang istri yang sholeh.


Ketiga, al auladun abrar, yaitu anak yang soleh.

Saat Rasulullah SAW lagi thawaf. Rasulullah SAW bertemu dengan seorang anak muda yang pundaknya lecet-lecet. Setelah selesai thawaf Rasulullah SAW bertanya kepada anak muda itu : “Kenapa pundakmu itu ?” Jawab anak muda itu : “Ya Rasulullah, saya dari Yaman, saya mempunyai seorang ibu yang sudah udzur. Saya sangat mencintai dia dan saya tidak pernah melepaskan dia. Saya melepaskan ibu saya hanya ketika buang hajat, ketika sholat, atau ketika istirahat, selain itu sisanya saya selalu menggendongnya” . Lalu anak muda itu bertanya: ” Ya Rasulullah, apakah aku sudah termasuk kedalam orang yang sudah berbakti kepada orang tua ?”
Nabi SAW sambil memeluk anak muda itu dan mengatakan: “Sungguh Allah ridho kepadamu, kamu anak yang soleh, anak yang berbakti, tapi anakku ketahuilah, cinta orangtuamu tidak akan terbalaskan olehmu”. Dari hadist tersebut kita mendapat gambaran bahwa amal ibadah kita ternyata tidak cukup untuk membalas cinta dan kebaikan orang tua kita, namun minimal kita bisa memulainya dengan menjadi anak yang soleh, dimana doa anak yang sholeh kepada orang tuanya dijamin dikabulkan Allah. Berbahagialah kita bila memiliki anak yang sholeh.

Keempat, albiatu sholihah, yaitu lingkungan yang kondusif untuk iman kita.

Yang dimaksud dengan lingkungan yang kondusif ialah, kita boleh mengenal siapapun tetapi untuk menjadikannya sebagai sahabat karib kita, haruslah orang-orang yang mempunyai nilai tambah terhadap keimanan kita. Dalam sebuah haditsnya, Rasulullah menganjurkan kita untuk selalu bergaul dengan orang-orang yang sholeh. Orang-orang yang sholeh akan selalu mengajak kepada kebaikan dan mengingatkan kita bila kita berbuat salah.
Orang-orang sholeh adalah orang-orang yang bahagia karena nikmat iman dan nikmat Islam yang selalu terpancar pada cahaya wajahnya. Insya Allah cahaya tersebut akan ikut menyinari orang-orang yang ada disekitarnya.
Berbahagialah orang-orang yang selalu dikelilingi oleh orang-orang yang sholeh.

Kelima, al malul halal, atau harta yang halal.

Paradigma dalam Islam mengenai harta bukanlah banyaknya harta tetapi halalnya. Ini tidak berarti Islam tidak menyuruh umatnya untuk kaya.
Dalam riwayat Imam Muslim di dalam bab sadaqoh, Rasulullah SAW pernah bertemu dengan seorang sahabat yang berdoa mengangkat tangan. “Kamu berdoa sudah bagus”, kata Nabi SAW, “Namun sayang makanan, minuman dan pakaian dan tempat tinggalnya didapat secara haram, bagaimana doanya dikabulkan”. Berbahagialah menjadi orang yang hartanya halal karena doanya sangat mudah dikabulkan Allah. Harta yang halal juga akan menjauhkan setan dari hatinya, maka hatinya semakin bersih, suci dan kokoh, sehingga memberi ketenangan dalam hidupnya. Maka berbahagialah orang-orang yang selalu dengan teliti menjaga kehalalan hartanya.

Keenam, Tafakuh fi dien, atau semangat untuk memahami agama.

Semangat memahami agama diwujudkan dalam semangat memahami ilmu-ilmu agama Islam. Semakin ia belajar, maka semakin ia terangsang untuk belajar lebih jauh lagi ilmu mengenai sifat-sifat Allah dan ciptaan-Nya.
Allah menjanjikan nikmat bagi umat-Nya yang menuntut ilmu, semakin ia belajar semakin cinta ia kepada agamanya, semakin tinggi cintanya kepada Allah dan rasul-Nya. Cinta inilah yang akan memberi cahaya bagi hatinya.
Semangat memahami agama akan meng “hidup” kan hatinya, hati yang “hidup” adalah hati yang selalu dipenuhi cahaya nikmat Islam dan nikmat iman. Maka berbahagialah orang yang penuh semangat memahami ilmu agama Islam.

Ketujuh, yaitu umur yang baroqah.

Umur yang baroqah itu artinya umur yang semakin tua semakin sholeh, yang setiap detiknya diisi dengan amal ibadah. Seseorang yang mengisi hidupnya untuk kebahagiaan dunia semata, maka hari tuanya akan diisi dengan banyak bernostalgia (berangan-angan) tentang masa mudanya, iapun cenderung kecewa dengan ketuaannya (post-power syndrome). Disamping itu pikirannya terfokus pada bagaimana caranya menikmati sisa hidupnya, maka iapun sibuk berangan-angan terhadap kenikmatan dunia yang belum ia sempat rasakan, hatinya kecewa bila ia tidak mampu menikmati kenikmatan yang diangankannya. Sedangkan orang yang mengisi umurnya dengan banyak mempersiapkan diri untuk akhirat (melalui amal ibadah) maka semakin tua semakin rindu ia untuk bertemu dengan Sang Penciptanya. Hari tuanya diisi dengan bermesraan dengan Sang Maha Pengasih. Tidak ada rasa takutnya untuk meninggalkan dunia ini, bahkan ia penuh harap untuk segera merasakan keindahan alam kehidupan berikutnya seperti yang dijanjikan Allah. Inilah semangat “hidup” orang-orang yang baroqah umurnya, maka berbahagialah orang-orang yang umurnya baroqah.

Demikianlah pesan-pesan dari Ibnu Abbas ra. mengenai 7 indikator kebahagiaan dunia.
Bagaimana caranya agar kita dikaruniakan Allah ke tujuh buah indikator kebahagiaan dunia tersebut ? Selain usaha keras kita untuk memperbaiki diri, maka mohonlah kepada Allah SWT dengan sesering dan se-khusyu’ mungkin membaca doa `sapu jagat’ , yaitu doa yang paling sering dibaca oleh Rasulullah SAW. Dimana baris pertama doa tersebut “Rabbanaa aatina fid dun-yaa hasanaw” (yang artinya “Ya Allah karuniakanlah aku kebahagiaan dunia “), mempunyai makna bahwa kita sedang meminta kepada Allah ke tujuh indikator kebahagiaan dunia yang disebutkan Ibnu Abbas ra, yaitu hati yang selalu syukur, pasangan hidup yang soleh, anak yang soleh, teman-teman atau lingkungan yang soleh, harta yang halal, semangat untuk memahami ajaran agama, dan umur yang baroqah.

Walaupun kita akui sulit mendapatkan ketujuh hal itu ada di dalam genggaman kita, setidak- tidaknya kalau kita mendapat sebagian saja sudah patut kita syukuri. Sedangkan mengenai kelanjutan doa sapu jagat tersebut yaitu “wa fil aakhirati hasanaw” (yang artinya “dan juga kebahagiaan akhirat”), untuk memperolehnya hanyalah dengan rahmat Allah. Kebahagiaan akhirat itu bukan surga tetapi rahmat Allah, kasih sayang Allah. Surga itu hanyalah sebagian kecil dari rahmat Allah, kita masuk surga bukan karena amal soleh kita, tetapi karena rahmat Allah.

Amal soleh yang kita lakukan sepanjang hidup kita (walau setiap hari puasa dan sholat malam) tidaklah cukup untuk mendapatkan tiket masuk surga. Amal soleh sesempurna apapun yang kita lakukan seumur hidup kita tidaklah sebanding dengan nikmat surga yang dijanjikan Allah.
Kata Nabi SAW, “Amal soleh yang kalian lakukan tidak bisa memasukkan kalian ke surga”. Lalu para sahabat bertanya: “Bagaimana dengan Engkau ya Rasulullah ?”. Jawab Rasulullah SAW : “Amal soleh saya pun juga tidak cukup”. Lalu para sahabat kembali bertanya : “Kalau begitu dengan apa kita masuk surga?”. Nabi SAW kembali menjawab : “Kita dapat masuk surga hanya karena rahmat dan kebaikan Allah semata”.

Jadi sholat kita, puasa kita, taqarub kita kepada Allah sebenarnya bukan untuk surga tetapi untuk mendapatkan rahmat Allah. Dengan rahmat Allah itulah kita mendapatkan surga Allah (Insya Allah, Amiin).

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Khilafiyah Tasawwuf

هو لم يذكر ولو مرة واحدة كلمة التصوف في القرآن الكريم والحديث الشريف صحيحة. ليس من المهم حتى لو التصوف في الإسلام لله ورسوله وأمر الناس بالتأكيد لمعرفة الصوفية؟ فمن المستحيل ان النبي هو (تسليم) لإخفاء أمر الله أليس كذلك؟ وقال بدلا من ذلك أن كل نبي شيء جديد / عقدت لسيطرة (في الدين) هو هرطقة ومضللة :
"والواقع أن أفضل الكلام هو كتاب الله وخير الهدي هدي النبي صلى على' وسلم، وأسوأ حالة هي حالة جديدة ويضيع كل ابتكار "(مسلم).


1. Kata Tasawuf sekali pun tidak pernah disebut di dalam Al Qur’an dan Hadits yang sahih. Bukankah jika Tasawuf itu begitu penting dalam Islam tentu Allah dan Rasulnya akan memerintahkan manusia untuk belajar Tasawuf? Tidak mungkin Nabi yang bersifat “Balligh” (menyampaikan) menyembunyikan perintah Allah bukan? Sebaliknya Nabi berkata bahwa setiap hal yang baru/diada-adakan (di bidang agama) adalah bid’ah dan sesat:
“Sesungguhnya perkataan yang paling baik adalah kitab Allah dan sebaik-baik petunjuk adalah petunjuk Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam ,dan perkara yang paling buruk adalah perkara yang baru dan setiap bid’ah adalah tersesat” ( H.R Muslim ) .

Allah mengatakan agama Islam sudah sempurna. Jadi tak perlu lagi ditambah bid’ah seperti Tasawuf:
“ Pada hari ini telah Kusempurnakan untuk kamu agamamu, dan telah Ku-cukupkan kepadamu ni`mat-Ku, dan telah Ku-ridhai Islam itu jadi agama bagimu….” [Al Maa-idah:3]

2. Tasawuf tidak jelas artinya. Ada yang menyebut dari shuffah, bulu domba, shof terdepan, bahkan dari kata Yunani: Theo Sophos. Bagaimana mungkin orang mempelajari sesuatu yang tidak jelas sebagai ajaran dari Islam yang penting?

3. Jika sumber agama Islam adalah Al Qur’an dan Hadits yang sahih (yang dloif/maudlu ditolak):
“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, taatilah Allah dan taatilah Rasul (Nya), dan ulil amri di antara kamu. Kemudian jika kamu berlainan pendapat tentang sesuatu, maka kembalikanlah ia kepada Allah (Al Quran) dan Rasul (sunnahnya), jika kamu benar-benar beriman kepada Allah dan hari kemudian. Yang demikian itu lebih utama (bagimu) dan lebih baik akibatnya. “ [AnNisaa”:59].

Sabda Rasulullah Saw: “Aku tinggalkan padamu dua hal, yang tidak akan sesat kamu selama berpegang teguh kepada keduanya, yaitu Kitabullah dan sunnah Nabi-Nya.”(HR Ibnu ‘Abdilbarri)
Maka sumber Tasawuf bisa dari mana saja. Istilah Abdurrahman Abdul Khaliq yang mereka jadikan sumbernya adalah bisikan yang dida`wahkan datang kepda para wali dan kasyf (terbukanya takbir hingga mereka tahu yang ghoib) yang mereka da`wahkan, dan tempat-tempat tidur (mimpi-mimpi), perjumpaan dengan orang-orang mati yang dulu-dulu, dan (mengaku berjumpa) dengan Nabi Khidir a.s, bahkan dengan melihat Lauh Mahfudh, dan mengambil (berita) dari jin yang mereka namakan para badan halus (Rohaniyyin). Banyak sekali ajaran Tasawuf yang memakai cerita-cerita yang tidak jelas sahih/dloifnya serta dari mimpi-mimpi orang yang mereka anggap wali.

Belajar Tasawuf bisa membuat kita lupa dari mempelajari Al Qur’an dan Hadits yang justru merupakan sumber ajaran Islam yang asli.

4. Adapun sumber pengambilan syari`ah bagi ahli Islam adalah Al Kitab (Al Qur`an), As Sunnah (Al Hadits), Ijma` (kesepakatan para ulama terdahulu mengenai awal Islam), dan Qiyas (perbandingan, yaitu pengambilan hukum dengan membandingkan kepada hukum yang sudah ada ketegasannya dari Nash/text Al Qur`an atau Al Hadits, dengan syarat kasusnya sama, misalnya beras bisa untuk zakat fitrah karena diqiyaskan dengan gandum yang udah ada nash haditsnya). Sedangkan bagi
orang-orang tasawuf , perbuatan syariat mereka didirikan diatas mimpi-mimpi (tidur), khidhir, jin, orang-orang mati,syaikh-syaikh, semua mereka itu dijadikan pembuat syariat. Oleh karena itu, jalan-jalan dan cara-cara pembuatan syariat tasawuf itu bermacam-macam. Sampai-sampai mereka mengatakan jalan-jalan menuju Allah SWT itu sebanyak bilangan nafas makhluk-makhluk. Maka tiap-tiap syaikh memiliki tarekat dan manhaj/jalan untuk pendidikan dan dzikir khusus. Jika dalam Islam sumber dzikir dan do’a berasal dari Al Qur’an dan Hadits, maka dalam Tasawuf
berdasarkan ajaran para syekhnya (yang mungkin berasal dari mimpi mereka)

5. Islam itu adalah agama yang Muhaddad/jelas (ditegaskan batasan ketentuan) aqidahnya, ibadahnya, dan syari`atnya. Dalam Islam dijelaskan apa itu rukun Iman, rukun Islam, cara shalat, puasa, dzikir, doa berdasarkan Al Qur’an dan Hadits yang sahih. Selama ada sumber Al Qur’an dan Hadits diterima, jika tidak ada ditolak.

6. Sedangkan tasawuf itu agama yang tidak ada batasannya, tidak ada pengertian (yang ditentukan
secara pasti) dalam aqidah ataupun syari`at-syari`atnya. Sumber yang berasal dari mimpi orang yang dianggap wali sudah cukup bagi mereka untuk diamalkan sehingga amalan Nabi Muhammad SAW seperti dzikir, doa, sholat Tahajjud, dsb justru terlupakan. Karena ketidak-jelasan sumber dan syari’ah Tasawuf, maka orang-orang kafir memakai Tasawuf terutama untuk menghilangkan ajaran jihad dari ummat Islam. Contohnya ada di http://www.libforall.org di mana para pendeta bekerjasama dengan para sufi berusaha menghilangkan jihad dari ummat Islam lewat Tasawuf.

7. Paham Tasawuf seperti Wihdatul Wujud (bersatunya manusia dengan Allah) itu menyesatkan. Al Hallaj mengaku sebagai Allah. Ana al Haq (Akulah Allah) begitu katanya. Demikian pula tokoh sufi lain seperti Syekh Siti Jenar yang mengaku sebagai Allah. Terakhir Ahmad Dhani, Dewa, dalam lagunya “Satu” berkata “Aku ini adalah diriMu (Allah).” Mungkin orang sufi berpendapat itu karena teramat dekatnya mereka dengan Allah sehingga sampai mengaku sebagai Allah. Padahal Nabi Muhammad SAW yang merupakan manusia sempurna dan paling dekat kepada Allah SWT tidak pernah sekalipun mengaku sebagai Allah. Bukankah Nabi dan ummat Islam selalu berkata “Iyyaka na’budu” (kepadaMu kami menyembah)? Itulah salah satu arogansi sufi. Mengaku Tuhan seperti Fir’aun. Al Hallaj dan Syekh Siti Jenar difatwa sesat dan dihukum mati oleh para ulama.

8. Sufi Abu Yazid al-Bustami (meninggal diBistam,Iran,261 H/874 M.) Dia adalah pendiri tarekat
Naqsyabandiyah. Mengaku berguru pada Imam Ja’far padahal dia baru lahir 40 tahun setelah Imam Ja’far meninggal dunia. Pada suatu waktu dalam pengembaraannya, setelah shalat Subuh Yazid Al-Bustami berkata kepada orang-orang yang mengikutinya,”Innii ana Allah laa ilaaha illaa ana fa`budnii (Sesungguhnya aku ini adalah Allah,tiada Tuhan melainkan aku, maka sembahlah aku).” Mendengar kata-kata itu, orang-orang yang menyertainya mengatakan bahwa al-Bustami telah
gila.Menurut pandangan para sufi, ketika mengucapkan kata-kata itu,al-Bustami sedang berada dalam keadaan ittihad, suatu maqam (tingkatan) tertinggi dalam paham tasawuf.

9. Al-Bustami juga pernah mengucapkan kata-kata,”Subhani, subhani, ma a`dhama sya`ni (mahasuci aku,mahasuci aku, alangkah maha agungnya aku).” Nah jika Nabi mengajarkan dzikir “Subhanallahu”
(Maha Suci Allah), maka syekh Tasawuf mengajarkan dzikir” Subhani” (Maha Suci aku). Ini jelas kesombongan yang besar yang dibenci Allah:

“Dan janganlah kamu memalingkan mukamu dari manusia (karena sombong) dan janganlah kamu berjalan di muka bumi dengan angkuh. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang sombong lagi membanggakan diri.”[Luqman:18]

Al-Bustami juga berkata,”Laisa fi al-jubbah illa Allah (tidak ada didalam jubah ini kecuali Allah).”

10. Paham Tasawuf, kasyf (tersingkapnya hijab, hingga seorang sufi bisa mengetahui hal ghaib), juga bertentangan dengan ayat Al Qur’an. Padahal Nabi SAW sendiri tidak mengetahui yang ghaib, bahkan jelas-jelas menegaskan bahwa Nabi SAW tidak tahu apa yang diperbuat Allah SWT untuk Nabi SAW sendiri esok (lihat dalam Bab Aqidah). Allah SWT berfirman:

“Katakanlah ! Tidak ada yang dapat mengetahui perkqara yang ghaib dilangit dan di bumi kecuali Allah .” (An-Naml:65)

Ada sebagian delegasi yang datang ke Nabi SAW, mereka menganggap bahwa Nabi SAW termasuk orang yang mengaku bisa melihat yang ghaib, maka mereka menyembunyikan sesuatu didalam (genggaman) tangan mereka untuk beliau. Dan mereka berkata kepada beliau,” Kabarkanlah kepada kami, apa dia (yang ada dalam gemgaman kami ini) ? Lalu beliau menjawab kepada mereka dalam keadaan berteriak, “Aku bukan seorang dukun. Sesungguhnya dukun dan perdukunan serta dukun-dukun itu didalam neraka.” ( Diriwayatkan Abu Daud: 286 ).

11. Diantaranya sufi ada yang menganggap bahwa Rasulullah SAW tidak sampai pada derajat dan keadaan mereka (orang-orang sufi). Dan Nabi SAW (dianggap) jahil (bodoh) terhadap ilmu tokoh-tokoh tasawuf seperti perkataan Busthami,” Kami telah masuk lautan, sedang para nabi berdiri ditepinya.” Abu Bakar Jabir Al-Jazairi, pengarang kitab Ila At-Tashawwuf ya`Ibadallaah menisbatkan perkataan tersebut kepada At-Tijani (pendiri tarekat At-Tijaniyah).

12. Diantara orang-orang sufi ada yang mempercayai bahwa Rasulullah SAW itu adalah kubah alam, dan dia itulah dan dia itulah Allah yang bersemayam diatas arsy; sedangkan langit-langit, bumi, arsy, kursi, dan semua alam itu dijadikan dari nurnya (Nur Muhammad), dialah awal kejadian, yaitu yang bersemayam diatas Arsy Allah SWT. Inilah aqidah Ibnu Arabi dan orang-orang yang datang setelahnya/pengikutnya. Para sufi ini mengangkat derajad Nabi sedemikian tinggi sehingga seolah-olah sama kedudukannya dengan Yesus (Anak Allah) dengan Tuhan Bapak menurut kepercayaan
agama Kristen. Padahal Allah Ta’ala berfirman : "Katakanlah (Wahai Muhammad), sesungguhnya aku hanyalah seorang manusia seperti kalian, yang diwahyukan kepadaku …(Al Kahfi : 110).

(Ingatlah) ketika Rabbmu berfirman kepada para Malaikat : "Sesungguhnya Aku akan ciptakan manusia dari tanah liat. (Shaad : 71)

Allah SWT berfirman, ” Barang siapa yang berpaling dari pengajaran (Allah) Yang Maha Pemurah (Al
Qur`an), kami adakan baginya syetan (yang menyesatkan), dan syetan itulah yang menjadi teman yang selalu menyertainya.” (Az-Zukhruf:43:36)

Pengajaran Allah SWT adalah pengajaran yang dibawa oleh Rasul-Nya, yakni Al Qur`an. Barang siapa tidak beriman kepada Al Qur`an, tidak membenarkan beritanya, dan tidak meyakini kewajiban perintahnya, berarti dia telah berpaling dari Al Qur`an, kemudian syetan datang menjadi teman
setia baginya.

13. Sufi juga mengecam orang yang menyembah Allah karena menginginkan surga dan takut neraka. Menurut mereka hanya boleh menyembah Allah karena cinta kepada Allah. Oleh karena itu seorang sufi, Rabiatul Adawiyah berkata, “Ya Allah jika aku menyembahMu karena ingin surga, maka tutup pintu surga bagiku. Jika aku menyembahMu karena takut neraka, maka buka pintu neraka untukku” Itu adalah sifat sombong dan riya. Dalam Islam kita diajarkan untuk mencintai Allah dan Rasulnya di atas yang lain termasuk diri kita sendiri. Meski demikian kita juga diperintahkan untuk berharap akan surga dan takut api neraka.

“"Hai orang-orang yang beriman, peliharalah dirimu dan keluargamu dari api neraka yang bahan bakarnya adalah manusia dan batu; penjaganya malaikat-malaikat yang kasar, keras, dan tidak mendurhakai Allah terhadap apa yang diperintahkan-Nya kepada mereka dan selalu mengerjakan apa yang diperintahkan.” [At Tahrim:6]

Do’a yang terbaik justru bertentangan dengan para sufi tersebut: Dan di antara mereka ada orang yang bendoa: “Ya Tuhan kami, berilah kami kebaikan di dunia dan kebaikan di akhirat dan peliharalah kami dari siksa neraka”. [Al Baqarah:201]

14. Banyak orang berusaha mengkoreksi kesesatan Tasawuf termasuk Imam Al Ghazali dalam bukunya Ihya’ Uluumuddiin. Toh Imam Al Ghazali terperosok juga karena menggunakan contoh di luar Al Qur’an dan Hadits. Misalkan dalam rangka hidup sederhana memberi contoh sufi yang kelewat zuhud sehingga memakai baju bulu yang kotor dan berkutu. Padahal Nabi mengatakan;"kebersihan sebagian dari iman". Begitu pula kisah orang yang hanya beribadah saja sehingga tidak mampu memberi nafkah keluarganya. Untuk makan dia berkeliling ke rumah temannya. Yang punya 7 teman maka dalam 7 hari kembali lagi ke teman pertama yang dia tumpangi. Ada pula yang sebulan baru ketemu dengan teman pertama yang dia tumpangi dan ada pula yang setahun. Padahal Nabi memberi sunnah untuk berusaha dan tidak menyusahkan orang. Tangan di atas (memberi) lebih baik dari tangan di bawah. Begitu kata Nabi. Buya Hamka yang menulis buku Tasawuf modern juga menggambarkan wali Sufi begitu sakti hingga bisa mengangkat kapal yang tenggelam di laut dari jauh! Padahal Nabi Muhammad SAW saja ketika perang Uhud sampai berdarah mulutnya. Ini timbul kesan orang belajar Tasawuf untuk dapat kesaktian/karomah.

15. Sesungguhnya dalam Al Qur’an dan Hadits kita menemukan pedoman bagaimana berakhlaq yang bagus, sederhana tidak boros, menjauhi ghibah atau buruk sangka, amar ma’ruf nahi munkar, jihad, cara beribadah/mendekatkan diri kepada Allah, dan sebagainya. Dalam Tasawuf meski ada namun sering berlebihan. Sebagai contoh dulu Tasawuf mengajarkan hidup sederhana sehingga mereka hidup seperti gembel/pengemis. Sekarang Tasawuf modern diajarkan dihotel-hotel yang mewah yang jauh dari contoh hidup sederhana yang diajarkan Nabi Muhammad SAW.

16. Perkataan Imam Ahmad tentang keharusan menjauhi orang-orang tertentu yang berada dalam lingkaran tasawuf, banyak dikutip orang. Diantaranya ketika seseorang datang kepadanya sambil
meminta fatwa tentang perkataan Al-Harits Al Muhasibi (tokoh sufi, meninggal 857 M.).Lalu Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal berkata, “Aku nasihatkan kepadamu, janganlah duduk bersama mereka.” (duduk dalam majlis Al-Harits Al-Muhasibi) –Ibnul Jauzi “Talbis Iblis”.

17. Imam Syafi`i berkata, “Seandainya seseorang menjadi sufi pada pagi hari, maka siang sebelum Dhuhur ia menjadi orang yang dungu.” Imam Syafi`i juga pernah berkata.”Tidaklah seseorang menekuni tasawuf selama 40 hari, lalu akalnya (masih bisa) kembali normal selamanya.

18. Ada yang menulis Imam Maliki mendukung Tasawuf, tapi itu tidak benar. Selain zaman Imam Maliki Tasawuf belum dikenal juga Imam Maliki tidak pernah menulis satu buku pun tentang Tasawuf atau mengajarkannya. Padahal beliau adalah salah satu dari Imam Madzhab yang punya banyak murid dan pengikut.

media-dakwah Cari [media-dakwah] ASAL MUASAL TASAWUF A Nizami Wed, 01 Feb 2006 22:42:01 -0800, ASAL MUASAL TASAWUF suhana hana Wed, 10 Aug 2005 00:18:54 -0700

Bashrah, sebuah kota di negeri Irak, merupakan tempat kelahiran pertama bagi Tasawuf dan Sufi. Yang mana (dimasa tabi’in) sebagian dari ahli ibadah Bashrah mulai berlebihan dalam beribadah, zuhud dan wara’ terhadap dunia (dengan cara yang belum pernah dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam), hingga akhirnya mereka memilih untuk mengenakan pakaian yang terbuat dari bulu domba (Shuuf). Meski kelompok ini tidak mewajibkan tarekatnya dengan pakaian semacam itu, namun atas dasar inilah mereka disebut dengan Sufi, sebagai nisbat kepada Shuuf .

Oleh karena itu, lafazh Sufi ini bukanlah nisbat kepada Ahlush Shuffah yang ada di zaman Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam, karena nisbat kepadanya dinamakan Shuffi, bukan pula nisbat kepada shaf terdepan di hadapan Allah Ta’ala, karena nisbat kepadanya dinamakan Shaffi, bukan pula nisbat kepada makhluk pilihan Allah karena nisbat kepadanya adalah Shafawi dan bukan pula nisbat kepada Shufah bin Bisyr (salah satu suku Arab), walaupun secara lafazh bisa dibenarkan, namun secara makna sangatlah lemah, karena antara suku tersebut dengan kelompok Sufi tidak berkaitan sama sekali.

Para ulama Bashrah yang mendapati masa kemunculan mereka, tidaklah tinggal diam. Sebagaimana yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Asy Syaikh – Al Ashbahani rahimahullah dengan sanadnya dari Muhammad bin Sirin rahimahullah bahwasanya telah sampai kepadanya berita tentang orang-orang yang mengutamakan pakaian yang terbuat dari bulu domba, maka beliau pun berkata: Sesungguhnya ada orang-orang yang mengutamakan pakaian yang terbuat dari bulu domba dengan alasan untuk
meneladani Al Masih bin Maryam ! Maka sesungguhnya petunjuk Nabi kita lebih kita cintai (dari/dibanding petunjuk Al Masih), beliau Shallallahu alaihi wassalam biasa mengenakan pakaian yang terbuat dari bahan katun dan yang selainnya. (Diringkas dari Majmu’ Fatawa, karya Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah Juz 11, hal. 6,16 ).

Siapakah Peletak/Pendiri Tasawuf ? Ibnu Ajibah seorang Sufi Fathimi, mengklaim bahwasanya peletak Tasawuf adalah Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam sendiri. Yang mana beliau –menurut Ibnu Ajibah – mendapatkannya dari Allah Ta’ala melalui wahyu dan ilham. Kemudian Ibnu Ajibah berbicara panjang lebar tentang permasalahan tersebut dengan disertai bumbu-bumbu keanehan dan kedustaan. Ia berkata: Jibril pertama kali turun kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam dengan membawa ilmu syariat, dan ketika ilmu itu telah mantap, maka turunlah ia untuk kedua kalinya dengan membawa ilmu hakikat. Beliau Shallallahu alaihi wassalam pun mengajarkan ilmu hakikat ini pada orang-orang khususnya saja. Dan yang pertama kali menyampaikan Tasawuf adalah Ali bin Abi Thalib Radiyallahu anhu, kemudian Al Hasan Al Bashri rahimahullah menimba darinya. (Iqazhul Himam Fi Syarhil Hikam, hal.5 dinukil dari At Tashawwuf Min Shuwaril Jahiliyah, hal. 8).

Asy Syaikh Muhammad Aman Al Jami rahimahullah berkata: Perkataan Ibnu Ajibah ini merupakan tuduhan keji lagi lancang terhadap Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam, ia menuduh dengan kedustaan bahwa beliau menyembunyikan kebenaran. Dan tidaklah seseorang menuduh Nabi dengan tuduhan tersebut, kecuali seorang zindiq yang keluar dari Islam dan berusaha untuk memalingkan manusia dari Islam jika ia mampu, karena Allah Ta’ala telah perintahkan Rasul-Nya Shallallahu alaihi wassalam untuk menyampaikan kebenaran tersebut dalam firman-Nya:

(artinya):"Wahai Rasul sampaikanlah apa yang telah diturunkan kepadamu oleh Rabbmu, dan jika engkau tidak melakukannya, maka (pada hakikatnya) engkau tidak menyampaikan risalah-Nya. (Al Maidah : 67)

Beliau juga berkata: Adapun pengkhususan Ahlul Bait dengan sesuatu dari ilmu dan agama, maka ini merupakan pemikiran yang diwarisi oleh orang-orang Sufi dari pemimpin-pemimpin mereka (Syi’ah). Dan benar-benar Ali bin Abi Thalib Radiyallahu anhu sendiri yang membantahnya, sebagaimana yang diriwayatkan oleh Al Imam Muslim rahimahullah dari hadits Abu Thufail Amir bin Watsilah Radiyallahu anhu ia berkata: Suatu saat aku pernah berada di sisi Ali bin Abi Thalib Radiyallahu anhu, maka datanglah seorang laki-laki seraya berkata: Apa yang pernah dirahasiakan oleh Nabi
Shallallahu alaihi wassalam kepadamu? Maka Ali pun marah lalu mengatakan: Nabi Shallallahu alaihi wassalam belum pernah merahasiakan sesuatu kepadaku yang tidak disampaikan kepada manusia ! Hanya saja beliau Shallallahu alaihi wassalam pernah memberitahukan kepadaku tentang empat perkara. Abu Thufail Radiyallahu anhu berkata: Apa empat perkara itu wahai Amirul Mukminin ? Beliau menjawab: Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam bersabda: (Artinya) Allah melaknat seorang yang melaknat kedua orang tuanya, Allah melaknat seorang yang menyembelih untuk selain Allah, Allah melaknat seorang yang melindungi pelaku kejahatan, dan Allah melaknat seorang yang mengubah tanda batas tanah. (At Tashawwuf Min Shuwaril Jahiliyyah, hal. 7-8).

Hakikat Tasawuf
Bila kita telah mengetahui bahwasanya Tasawuf ini bukanlah ajaran Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam dan bukan pula ilmu warisan dari Ali bin Abi Thalib Radiyallahu anhu, maka dari manakah ajaran Tasawuf ini?

Asy Syaikh Ihsan Ilahi Zhahir rahimahullah berkata: Tatkala kita telusuri ajaran Sufi periode pertama dan terakhir, dan juga perkataan-perkataan mereka baik yang keluar dari lisan atau pun yang terdapat di dalam buku-buku terdahulu dan terkini mereka, maka sangat berbeda dengan ajaran Al Qur’an dan As Sunnah. Dan kita tidak pernah melihat asal usul ajaran Sufi ini di dalam sejarah pemimpin umat manusia Muhammad Shallallahu alaihi wassalam , dan juga dalam sejarah para shahabatnya yang mulia, serta makhluk-makhluk pilihan Allah Ta’ala di alam semesta ini. Bahkan sebaliknya, kita melihat bahwa ajaran Sufi ini diambil dan diwarisi dari kerahiban Nashrani, Brahma Hindu, ibadah Yahudi dan zuhud Buddha. (At Tashawwuf Al Mansya’ Wal Mashadir, hal. 28). [1]

Asy Syaikh Abdurrahman Al Wakil rahimahullah berkata: Sesungguhnya Tasawuf merupakan tipu daya syaithan yang paling tercela lagi hina, untuk menggiring hamba-hamba Allah Ta’ala di dalam memerangi Allah Ta’ala dan Rasul-Nya Shallallahu alaihi wassalam. Sesungguhnya ia (Tasawuf) merupakan topeng bagi Majusi agar tampak sebagai seorang Rabbani, bahkan ia sebagai topeng bagi setiap musuh (Sufi) di dalam memerangi agama yang benar ini. Periksalah ajarannya ! niscaya engkau akan mendapati padanya ajaran Brahma (Hindu), Buddha, Zaradisytiyyah, Manawiyyah, Dishaniyyah, Aplatoniyyah, Ghanushiyyah, Yahudi, Nashrani, dan Berhalaisme Jahiliyyah. (Muqaddimah kitab Mashra’ut Tashawwuf, hal. 19). [2]

Beberapa Bukti Kesesatan Ajaran Tasawuf:

1. Al Hallaj seorang dedengkot sufi, berkata : Kemudian Dia (Allah) menampakkan diri kepada makhluk-Nya dalam bentuk orang makan dan minum. (Dinukil dari Firaq Mua’shirah, karya Dr. Ghalib bin Ali Iwaji, juz 2 hal.600).
Padahal Allah Ta’ala telah berfirman : Tidak ada sesuatu pun yang serupa dengan Allah, dan Dia Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Melihat. (Asy Syuura : 11)

Berkatalah Musa : Wahai Rabbku nampakkanlah (diri Engkau) kepadaku agar aku dapat melihat-Mu. Allah berfirman : Kamu sekali-kali tidak akan sanggup melihat-Ku (yakni di dunia-pen)……… (Al A’raaf : 143).

2. Ibnu Arabi, tokoh sufi lainnya, berkata: Sesungguhnya seseorang ketika menyetubuhi istrinya tidak lain (ketika itu) ia menyetubuhi Allah ! (Fushushul Hikam).[3] Betapa kufurnya kata-kata ini …, tidakkah orang-orang Sufi sadar akan kesesatan gembongnya ini ?!

3. Ibnu Arabi juga berkata : Maka Allah memujiku dan aku pun memuji-Nya, dan Dia menyembahku dan aku pun menyembah-Nya. (Al Futuhat Al Makkiyyah).[4]

Padahal Allah Ta’ala telah berfirman :" Dan tidaklah Aku ciptakan jin dan manusia kecuali untuk beribadah kepada-Ku.(Adz Dzariyat : 56).

Tidak ada seorang pun di langit dan di bumi, kecuali akan datang kepada Allah Yang Maha Pemurah dalam keadaan sebagai hamba.(Maryam : 93).

4. Jalaluddin Ar Rumi, seorang tokoh sufi yang kondang berkata : Aku seorang muslim, tapi aku juga seorang Nashrani, Brahmawi, dan Zaradasyti, bagiku tempat ibadah sama …masjid, gereja, atau tempat berhala-berhala. [5]
Padahal Allah Ta’ala berfirman : Dan barangsiapa mencari agama selain agama Islam, maka sekali-kali tidaklah akan diterima (agama itu) dari padanya, dan dia di akhirat termasuk orang-orang yang merugi. (Ali Imran : 85)

5. Pembagian ilmu menjadi Syari’at dan Hakikat, yang mana bila seseorang telah sampai pada tingkatan hakikat berarti ia telah mencapai martabat keyakinan yang tinggi kepada Allah Ta’ala, oleh karena itu gugurlah baginya segala kewajiban dan larangan dalam agama ini.
Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah rahimahullah berkata : Tidak diragukan lagi oleh ahlul ilmi dan iman bahwasanya perkataan tersebut termasuk sebesar-besar kekafiran dan yang paling berat. Ia lebih jahat dari perkataan Yahudi dan Nashrani, karena Yahudi dan Nashrani beriman dengan sebagian dari isi Al Kitab dan kafir dengan sebagiannya, sedangkan mereka adalah orang-orang kafir yang sesungguhnya (karena mereka berkeyakinan dengan sampainya kepada martabat hakikat, tidak lagi terkait dengan kewajiban dan larangan dalam agama ini, pen). (Majmu’ Fatawa, juz 11 hal. 401).

6. Dzikirnya orang-orang awam adalah La Illaha Illallah, sedangkan dzikirnya orang-orang khusus dan paling khusus / Allah, / Huu, dan / Aah saja.

Padahal Rasulullah Shallallahu alaihi wassalam bersabda : Sebaik-baik dzikir adalah La Illaha Illallah . (H.R. Tirmidzi, dari shahabat Jabir bin Abdullah Radiyallahu anhu, dihasankan oleh Asy Syaikh Al Albani dalam Shahih Al Jami’, no. 1104).[6]

Syaikhul Islam rahimahullah berkata : Dan barangsiapa yang beranggapan bahwa La Illaha Illallah dzikirnya orang awam, sedangkan dzikirnya orang-orang khusus dan paling khusus adalah / Huu, maka ia seorang yang sesat dan menyesatkan. (Risalah Al Ubudiyah, hal. 117-118, dinukil dari Haqiqatut Tashawwuf, hal. 13)

7. Keyakinan bahwa orang-orang Sufi mempunyai ilmu Kasyaf (dapat menyingkap hal-hal yang tersembunyi) dan ilmu ghaib. Allah Ta’ala dustakan mereka dalam firman-Nya:

"Katakanlah tidak ada seorang pun di langit dan di bumi yang mengetahui hal-hal yang ghaib kecuali Allah". (An Naml : 65)

8. Keyakinan bahwa Allah Ta’ala menciptakan Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu alaihi wassalam dari nuur /
cahaya-Nya, dan Allah Ta’ala ciptakan segala sesuatu dari cahaya Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu alaihi wassalam. Padahal Allah Ta’ala berfirman : Katakanlah (Wahai Muhammad), sesungguhnya aku hanyalah
seorang manusia seperti kalian, yang diwahyukan kepadaku …(Al Kahfi : 110). (Ingatlah) ketika Rabbmu berfirman kepada para Malaikat : Sesungguhnya Aku akan ciptakan manusia dari tanah liat. (Shaad : 71)

Wallahu A’lam Bish Shawab

Hadits-hadits palsu atau lemah yang tersebar di kalangan umat

Hadits Abu Umamah

Pakailah pakaian yang terbuat dari bulu domba, niscaya akan kalian rasakan manisnya keimanan di hati kalian(HR Al Baihaqi dlm Syu’abul Iman). Keterangan : Hadits ini palsu karena di dalam sanadnya terdapat seorang perawi yang bernama Muhammad bin Yunus Al Kadimy. Dia seorang pemalsu hadits, Al Imam Ibnu Hibban berkata : Dia telah memalsukan kira-kira lebih dari dua ribu hadits. (Lihat Silsilah Al Ahadits Adh Dhoifah Wal Maudhu’ah, no:90)

Footnote :
[1][2] Dinukil dari kitab Haqiqatut Tashawwuf karya Asy Syaikh Dr. Shalih bin Fauzan Al Fauzan, hal.7[3][4][5] Dinukil dari kitab Ash Shufiyyah Fii Mizanil Kitabi Was Sunnah karya Asy Syaikh Muhammad bin Jamil Zainu, hal. 24-25.
[6] Lihat kitab Fiqhul Ad Iyati Wal Adzkar, karya Asy Syaikh Dr. Abdurrazzaq bin Abdul Muhsin Al Badr, hal.
173.

(Dikutip dari Buletin Islam Al Ilmu Edisi 46/III/I2/1425, diterbitkan Yayasan As Salafy Jember. Judul asli “Hakekat Tasawuf dan Sufi”. Penulis Al Ustadz Ruwaifi’ bin Sulaimi, Lc. Dikirim oleh al Al Akh Ibn Harun via email.)
Link from:http://barrynuqoba.wordpress.com/2007/05/17/pengakuan-ulama-besar-fiqh-tentang-tasawwuf-dan-ulama-sufi/

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Recognition of the Fiqh scholars of tasawwuf and Sufi

Recognition of the Fiqh scholars of tasawwuf and Sufi scholars:

Imam Abu Hanifa (H./700-767 81-150 CE), Imam Abu Hanifa (r) (85 H-150 H) said, "If not for two years, I have been wretched. Since two years I was with Sayyidina Ja'far as-Sadiq and gain spiritual knowledge that made me more aware of the true path ".

Ad-Durr al-Mukhtar, vol 1. p. 43 that Ibn 'Abideen said, "Abu Ali Dakkak, a Sufi, from an-Nasarabadi Abul Qassim, from ash-Shibli, from Sariyy as-Saqati of Ma'ruf al-Karkhi, from Dawad at-Ta'i, who get outer and inner sciences of Imam Abu Hanifa (r), which supports the Sufi path. "Imam said before he died: lawla sanatan lahalaka Nu'man," If not for two years, Nu'man (I) have been wretched. "That's two years with Ja'far as-Sadiq

Imam Malik (H./716-795 94-179 CE) Imam Malik (r): "man tassawaffa yatafaqah faqad tazandaqa lam wa wa wa man lam yatsawwaf tafaqaha faqad fasadat, wa wa man tafaqaha tassawafa faqad tahaqqaq. (Anyone studying / practicing tasauf without fikh then he has heretic, and anyone studying tasauf fikh without him astray, and who mempelari fikh tasauf and he won the truth). "(In the book 'Ali al-Adawi from the testimony of Imam Abil-Hassan, fikh cleric, vol. 2, p. 195

Imam Shafi'i (150-205 H./767-820 CE), Imam Shafi'i: "I was with the Sufis and I received three sciences:
1. they taught me how to talk
2. they taught me how meperlakukan people with love and tender care
3. they led me into the street tasawwuf [Kashf al-Khafa and Muzid al-Albas, Imam 'Ajluni, vol. 1, p. 341.]

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (164-241 CE H./780-855) Imam Ahmad (r): "Yes walladee 'alayka bi-as-Sufiyya jallassati ha'ula'i. Fa innahum zaadu 'alayna bikathuratil' ilmi wal wal murqaba khashiyyata zuhda WAZ-wa 'uluwal himmat (My son, if you must sit with the people Sufis, because they are the wellspring of science and they continue to remember God in their hearts. They are the people ascetic and they have a supreme spiritual power, "al-Qulub-Tanwir, p. 405, Shaikh Amin al-Kurdi). Imam Ahmad (r) of the Sufis: "I do not see anyone better than them" (al-Albab Ghiza, vol. 1, p. 120)

Imam al-Muhasibi (d. 243 CE H./857), Imam al-Muhasibi narrated from the Apostle, "My people will split into 73 groups and only one will be a group of survivors". And Allah knows best that it is a group of tasawwuf. He explained in depth in the Kitab al-Wasiya p. 27-32.

Imam al-Qushayri (d. 465 CE H./1072), Imam al-Qushayri about Tasawwuf: "God gave this group the best of His saints and He lifted them above all of His servants after the Apostles and the Prophet, and He gave them the secret hearts of His Divine Presence, and He chose them among his people who receive His light. They are the means of humanity, they purify themselves from all relations with the world and He lifted them to top notch in appearance (Kashef). And He opened to them. The fact of His Oneness. He makes them to see his will to control themselves. He makes them shine in his form and exposing them as light and His light. "[Al-Risalat al-Qushayriyya, p. 2]

Imam Ghazali (H./1058-1111 450-505 CE) Imam Ghazali, Hujjat ul-Islam, about tasawwuf: "I understand correctly that the Sufis are the seekers of Allah, and that they do their best, and the way they are The best way, and their most sacred character. They cleanse their hearts from other than Allah and they made them as a way for the river to the flow of divine presence [al-Munqidh min ad-Dalal, p. 131].

Imam Nawawi (620-676 CE H./1223-1278) In his letter, al-Maqasid: "This feature of the Sufi path are five:
1. maintain the presence of God in the liver at the time and his own lively
2. follow the Sunnah of the Apostle to the deeds and words
3. avoid dependence on others
4. thank God-given even a little
5. always refer the problem to God Almighty [Maqasid at-Tawhid, p. 20]

Imam Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi (544-606 CE H./1149-1209) Imam Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi: "The Way of the Sufi is to seek knowledge to decide themselves from worldly life and keep themselves to keep busy in the minds and hearts with the remembrance of God, in all actions and behavior "." [al-Musliman Furaq Ictiqadat, p. 72, 73]

Ibn Khaldun (733-808 H./1332-1406 CE) Ibn Khaldun: "The Way of the Sufi is the way of the Salaf, scholars among the Companions, Tabi'een, and Tabi 'at-Tabi'een. Origin is the worship of Allah and leave the jewelry and the pleasures of the world "[Muqaddimat ibn Khaldan, p. 328]

Tajuddin as-an-Na'eem Mu'eed Subki, p. 190, in tasauf: "May Allah praise them and greeted them and made us with them in heaven. Many things have been said about them and too many stupid people who say things that do not relate to them. And the truth is that they leave the world and
busied themselves with the worship ". He said: "They dalah human beings closer to God is prayer and prayer acceptable to God, and through them God help the man.

Jalaluddin as-Suyuti, al-haqiqat In Ta'yad al-'Aliyya, p. 57: "tasawwuf in themselves is the best science and commendable. He explains how to follow the Sunnah of the Prophet and to leave the heretical "

Ibn Taymiyya (661-728 CE H./1263-1328) Majmaca Fatawa Ibn Taymiyya, Dar ar-Rahmat, Cairo,
Vol, 11, page 497, Book of Tasawwuf: "You must know that the sheikh sheikh-guided should be taken as a guide and example in religion, because they follow in the footsteps of the Prophets and Apostles. Tariqat sheikhs is to summon people to the presence of God and obedience to the Prophet. "

Also in the case of 499: "The sheikh's where we need to take as a coach is our example and we should follow them. Because when we are in the Hajj, we need instructions (agent) to reach the Ka 'bah, the sheikh is our guide (agent) to Allah and our Prophet.

Among the sheikh he calls is: Ibrahim ibn Adham, Ma'ruf al-Karkhi, Hasan al-Basri, Rabia al-Adawiyya, Junaid ibn Muhammad, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, Shaikh Ahmad ar-Rafa'i, and Shaikh Bayazid al-Bistami. Ibn Taymiyya quoting Bayazid al-Bistami at 510, Volume 10: "... great Shaykh, Bayazid al-Bistami, and the famous story of when he saw God in Kashef and he said to him," My God, how the path to You? ". And God replied: 'Leave yourself and come unto me ".

Taymiah melanjutakan quotes Ibn al-Bistami Bayazid, "I came out of me like a snake out of his skin". Implicit from this quotation is an indication of the need Zuhd (self-denial or the denial of the life of the world), as the path followed Bayazid al-Bistami (tariqah Naqshbandi Murshid).

We see from the quotation above that received a lot of Shaykh Ibn Taymiah by quoting it and asking people to follow his guidance to demonstrate how to obey Allah and the Prophet saas.

What is said about the term Tasawwuf Ibn Taymiah:

Here is the opinion of Ibn Tamiah about Tasawwuf definition of strained, Whether you are gold or gold-plated copper. "Sanai. Following is what Ibn Taymiyya said about the definition of Tasawwuf, from Volume 11, At-Tasawwuf, of Majmu'a Fatawa Ibn

Taymiyya al-Kubra, Dar ar-Rahmah, Cairo: "Alhamdulillah, the use of the word tasauf has been discussed in depth. This is the term given to matters relating to the branch of science (an-nafs tazkiyat and Ihsan). "" Tasawwuf is the science of facts and circumstances of the experience. Sufi is a person who purifies himself from anything that turns from the remembrance of Allah and those who fill themselves with the heart of science and the science of mind in which the price of gold and stone are the same for him.

Tasawwuf keeping the meanings of high and left to seek fame and egoism
reach a state full of Truth. The best human beings after Prophets are Shidiqin, as mentioned God: "And whoever adhere Allah and His Messenger (Him), they would be together with people who ni'mat endowed by God, namely: the Prophet, the shiddiqqiin, those who were martyred and the pious. And they are the friends
the best of it. (Surah 4:69) "He went about Sufis," they seek to obey God .. So that from them you will find they are at the forefront (sabiqunas-sabiqun) due to their efforts. And some of the Companions of the Right (ashabus-syimal). "

Imam Ibn Qayyim (d. 751 CE H./1350) Imam Ibn Qayyim states that, "We menyasikan tasawwuf greatness of the people in view of how the salaf who has been called by by Sufyan ath-Thawri (d. 161 CE H./777) . One of the greatest priests of the second century and one of the leading mujtahid, he said: "If it were not for Abu Hisham as-Sufi (d. 115 CE H./733) I never knew a little hypocritical (riya ') in (Manazil as-Sa'ireen). Ibn Qayyim continued: "Among the best is the Sufis who studies fiqh"

'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn' Abd al-Wahhab (1115-1201 H./1703-1787 CE) From Muhammad ar Nu'mani Man's book (p. 85), Ad-ia'at Mukaththafa Didd al-Shaikh al-Mu ammad ibn ' Abdul
Wahhab: "Shaikh 'Abdullah, the son of shaikh Muhammad ibn' Abdul Wahhab, said about Tasawwuf: 'My son and I never reject or criticize the science of tasawwuf, but on the contrary we support it because he was both born and inner cleansing from sin hidden associated with liver and inner form. Although one may be born right, maybe wrong in spirit, and to fix tasauf necessary. "

In volume 5 of Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Wahhab al-Rasa'il entitled ash-Shakhsiyya, p. 11, as well as anything. 12, 61, and 64 he stated: "I never accused the pagans of Ibn 'Arabi Ibn al-Fari or for interpretations sufinya"

Ibn 'Abidin, great scholar, Ibn' Abidin in Rasa'il Ibn cAbidin (p. 172-173) states: "The search path is not heard except the Divine Presence and they do not love other than Him. If they remember Him they cry. If they think of him they are happy. If they found him they are aware. If they saw him, they'll calm down. If they walked role in the Divine Presence, they become soft. They are drunk with His mercy. May God have mercy on them ". [Majallat al-Muslim, 6th ed., 1378 H, p. 24].

Shaikh Rashad Rida, he said, "tasawwuf is one of the pillars of the pillars of religion. The goal is to clean up and account for daily behavior and to raise people to higher spiritual stations "[Majallat al-Manar, 1st year, p. 726].

Maulana Abul Hasan 'Ali an-Nadwi, Maulana Abul Hasan' Ali an-Nadwi members of the Islamic-Arabic Society of India and Muslim countries. In, Muslims in India,, p. 140-146, "The Sufis are giving initiation (allegiance) in humans into the oneness of Allah and sincerity in following the Sunnah of the Prophet and the regret the error and in avoiding any ma'siat to Allah SWT. Hint they stimulate people to move to the streets full of love to God "

"In Calcutta, India, more than 1000 people took initiation (allegiance) into Sufism" "We are grateful for the influence of Sufi people, thousands and hundreds of thousands of people in India found Tuham they see themselves and reach perfection through the Islamic state"

Abul 'Ala Mawdudi, the Mabadi' al-Islam (p. 17), "Tasawwuf is the fact that the sign is the love of Allah and the Messenger of Allah, in which someone negate themselves because their goal (of Love), and negate one of everything than love of God and the Prophet ". "Tasawwuf looking for sincerity, and truth cleanse intention to obey in all his actions."

Summarily
Tasawwuf, past and present, is an effective tool for spreading the truth of Islam, expanding knowledge and spiritual understanding, and enhance the happiness and peace. With it people can find themselves sendir and, thus, found his Lord. With it people can improve, change and raise yourself and get salvation from ignorance and from the temptations of the world the beauty of the material. And God who knows the intentions of His servants.

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Notes About Sufism

Humans naturally do feel that outside him there is a greater power (the Almighty). The Almighty is trusted as a regulator of life. Furthermore, humans believed that if he was close to the regulator's life will be safe to his life and his heart at peace. Serenity of life and peace of mind is the desire of every human being; then human life has always encountered some sort of effort to get closer to the Almighty that.

A group of humanity's belief that the Almighty has given guidance to make contact with the living Almighty it (read: God), as well as life guidance to make contact with fellow human beings and their environment. A set of guidelines was then commonly called religion. Religion is essentially a system of the credo of the Absolute in the presence of something beyond human and human to the rites of the system it thinks it is the Absolute and the system of norms that govern human relationships with fellow human beings and human relationships with other natural, appropriate and consistent with good faith and procedure referred worship (Ansari 1983:9).

Religion contains a set of formal rules. Particular religious belief that if the formal rules in a religion that believes it adhered to didapatlah happy life. However, a group of people there who want to get the happiness of life not only through formal rules penempuhan only that, even there is no way through a formal rule.

Islam as a religion has a set of rules that must be adopted by its followers (such as creed, prayers, and fasting). A set of formal rules in Islam is called the Shari'a: Shari'a is mengadung God's laws. The emphasis of the Shari'a is that human beings are given the burden to implement the law, being God is the "Judge". In the meantime it turns out that not all Islamic religious view that God as "Judge" per se, which is only legal burden to men. Some Moslems believe that God gave the law because God loves His creatures, then his God is "Beloved" who with his love of God gives tutunan for peace. Because God is "Love" then most of the Islamic religion and then try to close with "Love" it was not through penempuhan formal rules alone, but coupled with practice-specific practices with a view to closer to God. Such Penempuhan road commonly known as Sufism in Islam.

In Sufism, God dipandanya as "Beloved" is a human being salik 'man who walked into his girlfriend'. Attitudes and behavior that humans are not as burdened by the servants of the law - as in the suppression of the Shari'a. All that is offered to God it is out of love for the fun of the maksyuknya (Effendi 1985:2).

Symptoms are usually called Sufism was large and his form is so great that no one could describe it as a whole, because the reality is the goal of Sufism is a spiritual experience, which are subjective. Then the existing definition of Sufism is merely guidance, which is certainly not exhaustive. Exactly which is exemplified by Schimmel (1986:1) about the picture of mysticism exemplified by the story of Rumi, when blind people touching the elephant, each describing in accordance with the elephant's body touches. No one can describe the whole elephant is actually like.

Taswuf common trait has been widely noted by researchers. Bertrand Russell, for example, provide a general characteristic of Sufism with four issues, namely (1) conviction of intuition and spiritual understanding as a method of knowledge, (ii) belief in the oneness (the form), (iii) denial of the reality of the times, and (iv) a conviction of crime as being merely an outward and an illusion (Al-Taftazani 1985:3-4).

Al-Taftazani Russell denied this opinion except for number one, because number one it was found in the mysticism of all styles and time periods. Al-Taftazani propose five characteristics of Sufism, which is psychological, moral, and epistemological. The five characteristics that are (i) an increase in morale, taswuf have certain moral values ​​that aims to cleanse the soul, (ii) the discovery of transient (disappeared) in absolute reality, which is meant is that with physical exercises as well as ultimately mystic psychic samapai on certain conditions , he no longer felt the presence of himself or his ego: (iii) intuitive knowledge, this is what distinguishes mysticism with philosophy; philosophy in understanding something intellectually to use the methods of Sufism was his understanding with the intuition (kasyaf), (iv) peace and happiness, Sufism intended as a guide and control the passions and the power balance psiki, and (v) the use of symbols in expressions, phrases are used by the Sufis usually implies not hafiah.

From the details of the general characteristics of Sufism, al-Taftazani then define taswuf as follows:

Sufism or mysticism is a philosophy of life, which is intended to enhance the soul of a human being, morally, through practical exercises certain, sometimes to declare the discovery of mortal in the Highest Reality and knowledge about him intuitively, not rationally, which is the fruit is spiritual happiness, which nature ralitasnya difficult expressions in words, because the character patterned intuitive and subjective (Al-Taftazani 1985:6).

Many researchers who argue that Sufism came from outside Islam. Some argue that Sufism arose because the influence of Hinduism. There are also connecting Sufism originated from the habits of Christian monks and menjahui menjahui material pleasures of earthly life. Additionally there is mention that the incoming Sufism in Islam comes from the philosophy of Pythagoras who taught to enter the life of contemplation in a way to leave the material life. Some say also that Sufism originated from the philosophy of Plotinus with emanasinya - spirit emanating from the substance of God and then going back to God.

Opinions that actually means arise after the 19th-century Sufi texts and historical sources of printed and circulated in Europe, so that scholars began to develop his own ideas about Sufism. However, as stated by Schimmel (1986:7), most sources it rarely contains information that can be trusted.

An outline of the history of Sufism from the early centuries up to now indicate the existence of two streams in Sufism. The first, commonly called Sunni Sufism, Sufism ie school-based Expert Sunnah wal Jamaat which is also based on asktetis life, simple life, and give priority to education and moral guidance. Famous figures of this genre is Al-Ghazali. Second, commonly called philosophical mysticism, Sufism ie, whose teachings combine between vision and vision of the rational with the mystical objects bahasannya especially the preparation of the theory of "form" based on taste (dzauq) which clearly is marked by philosophical complexion. The streams of this Sufism pengasas bring the concepts of human relationships with God to the level of unification or too hulul. This flow figure is the famous Ibn Arabi. Both Sunni and Sufi mysticism in fact can be explained Philosophical his Islamic roots. The similarity of symptoms between the mysticism of Sufism or Islamic philosophy beyond that Sufism is not always drawn from sources outside of Islam.

Muslim ascetic, such as those normally associated with Christian monks, actually have a reference in the Quran:

Katakalah, 'Fun in this world is short and the hereafter is better for those who fear Allah, and you are not persecuted at all "(Sura 4:77)

Surely you find the people who most loudly enmity against those who believe is ornag-Jews and the polytheists. And thou find the closest friendship with the people who believe, are those who say this man truly has left us ". That is because amongst them (the people Nasarani) there are priests and monks, (also) because they are not proud. And when they listen to what is revealed to the Messenger (Muhammad), you see the eyes shed tears because they see themselves the truth (the Quran) that they already know (from the books of their own), and said, "Our Lord, we have faith that our record with those who witness (to the truth of the Quran and Muhammad kenabihan) (Sura 5: 82 -83)

The emergence of philosophical mysticism of Sufism bersingungan made by outside Islamic philosophy. But the mystical still not lost, because the characters keep trying to maintain the existence of Sufism (which does not rely on mere rational understanding). The characters are actually persistent compromise the teachings of Islamic philosophy from the outside into their mysticism. The notion of unification form or hulul also remain grounded in the interpretation of the following verses:

And when the servant hambak question thee concerning Me, then answer, Praise be to Allaah I was close. I grant the application for people who pray when he prays to Me (QS2: 186)

And God belongs the east and west, so wherever ye turn there is the Face of God (QS2: 115)

And indeed We created man and know aoa prompted by the heart, and We are nearer to him than his neck vein (Surah 50:16)

From the description it is clear that Sufism has strong references in the sources of Islam, although it is undeniable that the history of mysticism in his journey has been a lot of influences from outside Islam. It may be justified in saying Nicholson, that the movement of the early asceticism can be explained easily by his Islamic roots, and that therefore the original form of Sufism "is the original result of Islam itself". As Islam grows in areas influenced by ancient oriental thought, Neoplatonism, and Christian, of course, a number of additional influences may have entered Islam, and even, at the earliest stages (Schimmel 1986:8).

In line with what was described by Nurcholish Madjid, that when Islam has been developed covering an area of ​​North Africa and Spain, the orientation of the law (fiqh) became dominant. By their very nature, the law is exoteric. Then he began to arise to combat the deepening 'drought', which gave birth to the teachings of Sufism as a discipline. The review was then enriched by contact with other religions, Christianity for instance, who had already been borrowed many elements of Greek philosophy, enriched also by elements of Buddhism that when it was influential in Iran. However, the actual dimensions of Sufism has very strong roots, much stronger than the orientation of the law (Madjid 1985: 3-4). The most important of these statements is that the Sufism Madjid apart from possible influences from outside Islam, Sufism has obvious reference to Islamic sources.
About the word Sufism of whom some have argued derives from Shafa 'nodes', row 'row', ahlussuffah 'group of people who lived in the mosque of Medina', philosophers 'wool'. Some of these opinions can be seen from the conclusion of talks Hujwiri:

Some believe that the Sufis are called thus because he was wearing a woolen robe (jama-i philosophers), the others say because Sufis are in front of the array (Saff-i-Awwal), still others say it's because the Sufis consider themselves included in ashab-i suffa (the people who sit on benches around the mosque of the Prophet). And others think that the Sufis came from safa 'purity' (Schimmel 1986:12).

Furthermore Schimmel adds, that other definitions that come from the West, which said that Sufi comes from the Greek word Sophos 'wise', not accepted philological bias.

Widely accepted opinion is that Sufism was derived from the word meaning philosophers 'wool', which referred to the primitive coarse wool used in the past by poor people in the Middle East - in the era of luxury clothing is silk. Sufi want a simple life away from the luxury world and for that they live as poor people by using such coarse wool (Nasution 1979:71 - 72). Nasution's statement is in line with Al-Taftazani penryataan (1985:21):

... However, scientific studies prove that all the above opinion is far from precise. The more precise is the word Sufi (shufi) derived from the shuf or wool. It is said, tashawwafa al-rajul, if you wear wool. During the early development of asceticism, fleece clothing is symbolic of the sincere servants of God and the ascetic. The Sufis themselves many argue like this.

Junaid in the statement did not provide a definition of Sufism. Junaid only petujuk about Sufism. It is said to him that Sufism is based on poverty among Muhammad's key diangugerahi all the treasures that exist on earth by God with His word to Muhammad, "Do not trouble yourself, but enjoy every luxury with this treasure," but Muhammad replied, "Yes God, the servant did not want it; let the servants day and full day hunger "(Schimmel 1986:13). Junaid This statement indicates that Sufism is also derived from the behavior of the Prophet Muhammad.

From that brief description, we can draw the notion that Sufism is nothing but the appreciation of the efforts of Islam, because Islam is not religion that only rely on formality. In Sufism, Islam is seen as the moral foundation of Islamic law. Thus, Islam is essentially a moral, that is morally between a servant to his Lord, between him and himself, between himself and the environment. Quran also contains teachings basically how humans relate to God, relate to him, and relate to their environment. Allah sent Muhammad with the main task to enhance human morality, while Muhammad seniri diyatakan by God as a moral person perfectly:

And thou art virtuous character is really great (Sura 68:4)

It is therefore clear that Sufism has deep roots in the Islamic sources themselves.

Scientific studies of the sources taasawuf has been done by Louis Massignon. He concluded that there are four sources of Sufism (Al-Taftazani 1985:33):

First Al-Quran, as the most important source.
Second: the Islamic sciences, such as Hadith, Fiqh, Nahwu, and others.
Third: The terminology-terminology scientists first word of Force
Fourth scientific language that formed in the East until the sixth century AD was the beginning of other languages, such as the languages ​​of Greek and Persian, the language of science and philosophy.

In the meantime al-Taftazani (1985:34 -53) to explain the source of Sufism in Islam are: (i) Al-Quran, (ii) life, morals, and the word Muhmmad, and (III) the life and sayings of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad.

Umarie (1961:41) give directions, that Sufism when examined them contain the problem of metaphysics. Metaphysics of Sufism is an important discussion, because this will involve the existence of this nature that is associated with the presence (form) of God, which is the central point of attention of Sufism. As mentioned by Schimmel (1986:23), Sufism is an attempt to achieve personal liberation through true unity. The essence of Sufism is a long history of disclosure from the beginning again, with a different formulation, the existence of absolute that "there is no God but God" 'and the awareness that only He should be worshiped.

Al-Ghazali in Misykatul Anwar (1985:57) gives a berporoskan Quran surah An-Nur verse 35, that nature is composed of two parts: the spiritual and physical nature. Natural physical (which is termed nature Shahadah is the nature that can be seen with the eye outward (read: the senses). While the spiritual nature (which is termed nature malakut) is a nature that can only be captured by the vision care. Everyone bersuluk (walk towards the presence of God) if it has been in the nature of this malakut essentially he was at the side of God that His hand clutched the keys, ie, all causes of the existence of "something there" (maujudat) in the nature of this Shahadah. Therefore, the nature Shahadah is the "former" or as a result of malakut nature, like the shadow of an object is used of objects that are exposed to light. In verse 35 sura An-nur was mentioned that God is light on the light. Therefore, Al-Ghazali said that it is God who is the essence and a genuine form, is in addition to his manifest because of his radiant light. Then remember this is a natural Shahadah "bakas" from natural malakut, then everything in nature Shahadah can be "example" for natural malakut.

Discussion "form" is also a central theme of Ibn Arabi (Hadi 1985: 66). Must first distinguish between being used as a concept, the idea of ​​being (existence) and form in the sense of something that entities (held).

Arabi is a manifestation of God according to the absolute (universal form), the nature of which is the base and end of all that exists. Outside of God is the being relative. According Arabi only the Esa's all there in earnest. He is the essence of which can be viewed from two perspectives. When he saw as the essence of any event, it is called haq (nature). When he saw as the incidence (the embodiment of the essence) then called khalq. Haq is the essence of something and khalq is appearance. Arabi split form as follows:


Form




Perhaps the relative-absolute
Essence, the substance of God, Nature Gen.
Can not be interpreted
And be described


Depending on the free
The substance of Nature, events,
Relationship-chamber
s, kewaktuan, etc..



Material (maddi) Spiritual (spiritual)


The relationship between haq and khalq according Arabi can be explained only figuratively and symbolically. Arabi disclose that relationship as "mirror" and "shadow". Of truth as an object called its shadow reflected in the mirror. Khalq is an image in a mirror; image to appear in different forms according to the nature of the mirror.

The whole world is under Arabi like a puppet stage, and God is moving the child. Arabi also use the class "boats" that "go back". The Truth is the origin of all things, and to the one that's all going to come back, as the boat will return back to port.



In addition to the problem of metaphysics, Umarie also provides clues that tawawuf also a matter of ethics (Umarie 1961:41). Sufism issues ranging from relations with the Creator the creature. Relationship based on love and beauty, rather than a relationship like slaves who are forced to do his master's command.

According Arabi (Hadi 198:75), love is the main principle of creation. Through His love He manifested in the creation of these entities. God loves beauty, beautiful because it essentially is the radiance of His beauty and radiance of His manifestation. Sufi longing to God rather like the longing that yearns maksyuknya fun, and often expressed through symbols of human love. As noted Schimmel (1986:3), "... and finally, the longing and yearning beings who love to chime expressed through symbols taken from human love; gabungan human and divine love are often seeps into the mystic poems". Thus it is clear that Sufism is not going to be separated from aesthetics. It is clear that the statement attributed denagan Al-Ghazali, that does not rely taswuf reasoning behind the common sense because there is still a condition in which the visible range of things that did not seem to mind; the condition can be captured with dzauq, ie arising from subtle perasaan_perasaan conscience (Al Ghazali 1985:85).

About the imagery and symbols in relation to this Sufism Schimmel (1986:2) explains:

... The mystics of various religions have tried to represent their experiences in three groups of divergent images yang: the endless efforts to seek and find God symbolized by the "Road", and the traveler must stay a step as illustrated in a number of Travel stories about the Pilgrims or figurative journey to Heaven. Changes and purification of the soul through the painful misery is often expressed in a description of alchemy or similar processes in nature and science prailmiah; ancient dream of making gold from metal rencahan transformed reality in spiritual level. And finally, kerinduhan beings who love and yearning to chime expressed through symbols taken from human love; gabungan human and divine love are often seeps into the mystic poems.

Dr. Abdul Hadi Abdul Tawwab (1986:35), after studying the interpretation of the Koran by the Sufis, concluded that there are four methods of institutionalization in Sufism:
1. Appropriation between "born" with "inner"
2. Separation (separation)
3. Adjustment of sensory signs that existed at birth with inner meaning
4. The principles of language in general covers pegertian Nahwu, balaghah, prononsiasi, and forms of writing

Sufism is essentially an effort to someone close to God. Efforts to approach ourselves with God requires also a belief that the existence of God is close to humans. Thus the talk about the existence of God becomes an important position in Sufism. Even in tawuf philosophical (which brings understanding and unification hulul form) the theme of God's existence is a prominent theme of discussion.

Road for up to God contains several stages (al-maqamat). Al-maqamat agreed by all Sufism is repentance, ascetic (anti excessive worldly matters), patient, tawakal, and mahabbah (love of God) (Nasution 1979:78-79). With the arrival on stage mahabbah means Sufis have come to the makrifah (God knows the heart). Sufis believe that mahabbah will cause mutual love between God and His creation (divine love). Thus mahabbah is important (high stage in Sufism).

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2008=2011

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